APA citation style
General rules
For more information and examples, see section 10.1 (pages 316-321) of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition.
Capitalization
Only capitalize the first letter of all major words in periodical names (names of journals, magazines and newspapers). For the titles of articles, only capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, and any proper nouns (names of people, places, businesses or organizations). See the following examples.
Sample periodical titles:
Research in Higher Education Journal
Psychology Today
Sample article titles:
Student satisfaction with online learning: Lessons from organizational behavior
Drug use among transgender people in Ontario, Canada: Disparities and associations with social exclusion
Articles with multiple authors
For articles with up to and including 20 authors, include the names of all authors in the reference list. For 21 or more authors, use ellipses after the name of the 19th author, and then list the last author named.
Journal articles
Journal articles with a DOI
Include the DOI as a hyperlink if the article has one, regardless of whether or not you used the print or online version. Do not include the database name, with the one exception of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Citation format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume #(issue #), page #s. DOI link
Sample reference list entry:
Kozma, A., & Stones, M. J. (1983). Re-validation of the Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness. Canadian Journal on Aging, 2(1), 27-29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980800015610
Journal articles with an article number
It's increasingly common for articles published online to have an article number or "eLocator." These articles usually don't have page numbers. Include the article number instead of the page range.
Hudson, A., & Vodden, K. (2020). Decolonizing pathways to sustainability: Lessons learned from three Inuit communities in NunatuKavut, Canada. Sustainability,12(11), Article 4419. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114419
Journal articles with no DOI and a "non-database" URL
For open access journals freely available on the internet, provide the URL as a hyperlink if there is no DOI. You may use a shortened URL generated by a link shortener. Either the long or short URL is acceptable.
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume #(issue #), page #s. Nondatabase URL
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1),17-37. shorturl.at/kqBSZ
News and magazine articles
Print magazine and newspaper articles
Many newspapers and some magazines have no volume or issue numbers. If so, just leave that out. If no author is listed, begin with the article title, followed by the date.
Citation template:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper/Magazine, volume #(issue #), page #s.
Reference list examples:
Captain spots "sea monster" off Halifax. (1952, May 2). The Western Star, 52(2876), 1.
Jaffe, E. (2012, March/April). What do men really want? Psychology Today, 45(2), 62-87.
Online magazine and newspaper articles
Provide the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) as a hyperlink, or, if the article has no DOI, provide the URL as a hyperlink. Do not include URLs for articles accessed through a library database or include the database name. You may use a shortened URL generated by a link shortener. Either the long or short URL is acceptable. Some articles will not have volume, issue or page numbers. If so, just leave that out.
Citation format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper/Magazine, volume #(issue #), page #s. DOI link or nondatabase URL
Reference list examples:
Zul, M., Gibbs, K., & Busby, K. (2018, January 29). Mental-health research needs more than private donations. The Globe and Mail, A13.
Orland, K. (2019, October 22). Study casts doubt on value of WHO’s “gaming disorder” diagnoses. Ars Technica. shorturl.at/fgESZ
Article on a news website
Cite like a page on a website. If the author and the website name are the same, leave out the title of website. You may use a shortened URL generated by a link shortener. Either the long or short URL is acceptable.
Citation format:
Author, A. A. (Year, month day). Title of article. Title of Website. URL
Reference list example:
Skinner, R. J. (2019, November 4). Burnout is real and here's how to handle it, according to experts. CBC. shorturl.at/oEMO1
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