Turabian citation style

A guide to citing sources using Turabian Style, 9th edition

Web pages

Include as much of the following information as you can. Leave out Owner/Sponsor if it is the same as the website title.

For more examples or more specific information about how to websites, please see Section 19.5 of the Turabian Guide.

Reference list format:

Author. Year of publication or revision. "Title of the Page/Document." Title of Website, Owner/Sponsor of Website, Month day, year of publication or revision. URL.

Sample reference list entries:

Provincial Information and Library Resources Board. 2014. "Annual Report 2013-14." Newfoundland and Labrador Public Libraries, August 5, 2014. http://www.nlpl.ca/component/phocadownload/category/6-reports-plans.html?download=411:annual-report-2013-14.

Janzen, Olaf U. 2014. “Beothuk and Mi’kmaq.” Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Last modified January 13, 2014. http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/nfld_history/nfld_history_beothuk.htm.

Web page with no author

The web page should be listed under the title of the website or name of its owner or sponsor.

Sample reference list entry:

The Rooms. 2010. "The Newfoundland Regiment and the Great War: The Trail of the Caribou." http://www.therooms.ca/regiment/part2_trail_of_the_caribou.asp.

Web page with no date

If no date of publication, last revision or modification is given, use the abbreviation "n.d." for "no date" and include the date you accessed it. Do not use the date of access in your in-text citation.

Sample reference list entry:

Kaufield, Kathy, and Alain Bosse. n.d. "Atlantic Lobster Food Service Guide," Canadian Lobster, Lobster Council of Canada. Accessed March 11, 2020. https://lobstercouncilcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/ /2017/03/ Atlantic_Lobster_Guide_P12_compressed.pdf.

Social media posts

Retain a copy of the social media content cited, in case your cited post gets deleted. Social Media citations can normally be limited to an in-text citation. A URL can be included after the date (optional). Unless it is critical to your argument or frequently cited, social media posts are not included in the Reference List. See Section 19.5.3 (pp. 262-264) for examples if needed.

Sample in-text citation:

Local news organization VOCM's Question of the Day on Twitter was "With provincial vaccination rates nearing 80 percent, are you comfortable and ready to head back into the workplace?" (@VOCMNEWS, September 14, 2021).

Online videos (e.g., YouTube)

Sample in-text citation:

BBC Ideas’ YouTube video, “The Quiet Power of Introverts” (2020) explains how dopamine and acetylcholine affect the brain differently.

Blog posts

Blog posts are cited similar to online magazine and newspaper articles. The word blog may be added in parenthesis after the blog title.

Sample reference list entry:

Katsari, Constantina. 2015. “Ancient Artifacts from the Erotic Museum in Paris.” Love of History (blog), February 9, 2015. http://loveofhistory.com/ancient-artifacts-from-the-erotic-museum-in-paris/.