In the Turabian Author-Date Style, when information is quoted or referred to in your paper, a citation in parenthesis (including author's last name, date, and page number) is given to identify the source of the quotation or information, along with a corresponding reference list.

Sample in-text citation:

Use a shortened title instead. Shortened titles are composed of up to 4 distinctive words from the original title, leaving out "A" or "The" at the beginning. Titles should be italicized or enclosed in quotation marks, depending on how they are referenced in your reference list.

Sample in-text citations:

Use "n.d." to indicate no date.

Sample in-text citation:

Works with 2-3 authors

List all the authors names. If  a work has two authors, separate their names with "and." If there are 3 authors, separate each author's name with a comma, and include the word "and" before the final author's name.

Sample in-text citations:

Works with 4 or more authors

List the first author's name only, followed by "et al."

Sample in-text citation:

When you find a citation within a source you are using, it is preferable to locate and cite the original source. If you cannot locate the original source, you can still provide the name, year, and page number of the original author/source in your in-text citation. However, in your reference list, you should indicate that this source was quoted in another source.

Sample in-text citation:

Sample reference list entry: