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Memorial University

Memorial University Libraries

Chicago citation style

A guide to citing sources using the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition

Books with one author

The publisher's name may be slightly abbreviated by omitting words like Inc., Ltd., Co. (14.133-14.134).

If a work contains more than one place of publication, only include the first place listed (14.129).

If the city of publication might be unfamiliar or easily confused with another city, add the abbreviation for the province/state (14.130).

Reference list format:

Last name, First name. Year. Title. Location: Publisher.

Sample reference list entry:

Wright, Miriam Carol. 2001. A Fishery for Modern Times: The State and the Industrialization of the Newfoundland Fishery, 1934-1968. Toronto: Oxford University Press.

Books with multiple authors

If there are under 10 authors, include all author names in the reference list. List the names in the order that they are listed on the book's title page. Only the first author’s name is inverted, and a comma must appear both before and after the first author’s given name or initials. Use the conjunction and before the final author's name, not an ampersand (14.76).

If there are more than 10 authors for a particular work, the Chicago guide recommends listing only the first 7 authors, followed by "et al."

In your in-text citation for a book with more than 3 authors, list the first author followed by "et al."

Sample reference list entry:

Katona, Steven K., Valerie Rough, and David T. Richardson. 1993. A Field Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Seals from Cape Cod to Newfoundland. 4th ed. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Ebooks

Ebooks are cited as books, with supplementary information at the end of the citation about where they can be accessed online.

Ebook (downloaded)

If you downloaded it to your computer, e-book reader, or other device, indicate the format (Kindle edition, Kobo edition, PDF e-book, EPUB e-book).

Sample reference list entry:

Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classic. Kobo edition.

Ebook (online)

Include the DOI number or "digital object identifier". If it is not available, include the URL.

Sample reference list entry:

Hubbard, Jennifer Mary. 2006. A Science on the Scales: The Rise of Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Biology, 1898-1939. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. https://qe2a-proxy.mun.ca/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/memorial/Doc?id=10218926.

Edited books

Book with an editor instead of an author

Add "ed." (or "eds." for multiple editors) after the name or names.

Sample reference list entry:

Kelly, Ursula, and Elizabeth Yeoman, eds. 2010. Despite this Loss: Essays on Culture, Memory and Identity in Newfoundland and Labrador. St. John's, NL: Iser Books.

Book with an editor in addition to an author

Sample reference list entry:

Pittman, Al. 2003. An Island in the Sky: Selected Poetry of Al Pittman. Edited by Martin Ware and Stephanie Mckenzie. St. John's, NL: Breakwater.

Chapters/sections in edited books

In citations of a chapter or similar part of an edited book, include the chapter author; the chapter title, in quotation marks; and the editor. Precede the title of the book with In. Note the location of the page range for the chapter in the reference list entry (15.9).

Sample reference list entry:

Handcock, W. Gordon. 1977. "English Migration to Newfoundland." In Peopling of Newfoundland: Essays in Historical Geography, edited by John J. Mannion, 15-48. St. John's, NL: Memorial University of Newfoundland, Institute of Social and Economic Research.

Translated books

List the name of the translator after the source title, preceded by the words "Translated by" (15.9).

Sample reference list entry:

Carrier, Roch. 1970. La Guerre, Yes Sir! Translated by Sheila Fischman. Toronto: Anansi.

Edition of a book other than the first

Add the number of the edition after the title, and after the name of any editor(s) or translator(s).

Sample reference list entry:

Butt, Kirk R. 2007. Early Settlers of Bay St. George. 2nd ed. Whitby, ON: Boonen Books.